Sunday, January 9, 2011

Healthy Discoveries: Bacteria trigger production of key immune cells

Healthy discoveries
According to a study published on Friday, 24 December 2010, Allergies and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis could one day be prevented by consuming a type of bacteria, like probiotics taken in yoghurt.

The researchers have fed mice with a family of bacteria and found that it caused the production of certain white blood cells, called regulatory T cells.


"By augmenting regulatory T cells, they will help suppress many of our allergies and autoimmune diseases," said one of the scientists, Kenya Honda, an immunology associate professor at the University of Tokyo.


Regulatory T cells are white blood cells that regulate the immune system and prevent it from redundant reactions.


When an immune system goes into an overdrive, it can occasion allergies. It can also destroy healthy cells and tissues and cause autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease, psoriasis or scaly skin, and rheumatoid arthritis.


Honda and colleagues, who published their results in the journal Science, used antibiotics to flush all bacteria from the guts of a group of mice.


They later fed the rodents 46 species of safe Clostridium bacteria and found that regulatory T cells speedily returned to their colons.


"The 46 strains were isolated from healthy, conventionally reared mice," Honda said by telephone. "And the strains were enough for the induction of regulatory T cells in their colons."


The researchers next fed the bacteria to normal mice and found that it produced high levels of regulatory T cells in their colons. These normal mice were also able to ward off some allergies and colitis, an autoimmune disease, Honda said.


"We fed the clostridium species to normal, conventionally reared mice ... they had more regulatory T cells in their colons and they were tough to colitis and other allergies," he said.


Looking ahead, Honda said experts can study the potential of including live Clostridium bacteria in fermented foods.


"We may be able to use live Clostridium species in probiotics, such as in yoghurt. If you drink Clostridium species, you may be able to augment regulatory T cells in your intestines and your allergic responses will be taken care of," he said.


Probiotics are live micro-organisms that are believed to be perfect for their hosts.


There are many other strains of Clostridium and some are dangerous, including one that causes tetanus and the Clostridium difficile, a drug-resistant superbug. But these were not in the cocktail of bacteria which given to the mice. 

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